This trip was like an enormous high-end buffet—even when you’re stuffed, you don’t turn down the chance to sample the variety of this caliber. At least, that’s how I felt at this point. Veni, vidi, vici a million times over! And yet, we still had a whole day in Jordan. Leon had it off for Memorial Day and proposed exploring further afield with us. Kara and I had seen more than we’d expected or known about on this trip, so we agreed to go northeast to the desert castles.
Before leaving Amman, we stopped briefly at The Jordan Museum. It’s a beautiful new space, and the exhibits made me appreciate this country and everything we’d seen on this trip even more—in some ways I’d almost wished I’d seen this before we went to Petra.
This time, heading north and east took us to flat desert with mountains in the distance. Leon had shown us on a map where we were going, but without a scale bar I hadn’t thought about how close we were going to the northern border--it started to dawn on me as I saw planes flying overhead in formation.
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| Local women carpooling |
As we approached our first stop, we drove past Za'atari refugee camp. It was a massive extent of white tents housing tens of thousands of Syrian refugees. I wondered how long some of them had been there, how long they thought they’d be there, and how bad it must have been for them where they left if this is better. A bit of current events before we returned our focus to history.
Umm El-Jimal is a city built by the same civilization that built Petra, the Nabateans. But whereas Petra was carved out of red sandstone cliffs, Umm El-Jimal was built on a plain with black basalt blocks. It again had the waves of Byzantines, Romans, Muslims, and Christians over time, but after a double-whammy of plague and earthquake hit in 749 it was never rebuilt. It was fascinating and a little eerie to wander around the rubble and foundations of buildings, as we had the site entirely to ourselves. It was impressive to see the arches and cantilevered stairways of these multi-story buildings that stood the test of time, and a sign explained that the thickness of the walls helped to moderate the temperature year-round. The moment that will probably stick with me will be standing on a wall surrounded by rubble and hearing the call to prayer from a nearby mosque and in the distance, while seeing smoke in the distance as Jordan and its allies defended its border and tried to help fight ISIS in Syria. Admittedly, I never thought I’d be this close to the conflict but in reality, could there be a (relatively) safer place than ruins with no people? We continued exploring until the sun made those black rocks too hot to touch, and headed back to the car to see some desert castles.
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| Umm El-Jimal |
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| The cantilevered stairs were still intact. |
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| Danny proving that the arches once supporting the roof of the water storage area are still sound. |
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| remains of a church |
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| exploring Umm El-Jimal |
The scenery changed to desert pavement, a phenomena I’d learned about in my geography classes but had never seen like this. The same rocks used to build Umm El-Jimal resulted in small boulders and rocks of various sizes, too heavy to be blown away in the wind that had removed all the sand. As a result, it felt like we were driving on a moonscape of grey and black rock. Eventually we passed a ribbon of green winding through the black rocks—a space just low enough and moist enough for some green weeds to grow. The desolation was understandable--I can’t imagine how anyone could have the patience to move enough rock to attempt growing anything out here, nor how herders could find enough plants for their herds.
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| A ribbon of green in the black rockscape |
The first desert castle we visited was Qasr al-Azraq in a strategic location along historic trade routes between Jerusalem and Baghdad due to its natural springs (Azraq means “blue” in Arabic). This impressive fort was built in 1237, but for most western tourists, the main draw is that Lawrence of Arabia used this as his headquarters in 1917-1918 during the Great Arab Revolt.
The name seemed a bit of a misnomer scanning the landscape, but as I read about the Azraq oasis I couldn’t help viewing the area through my work googles. At one time the wetlands here were the size of Lebanon, hosting a huge variety of wildlife—anciently, it was an extension of African wildlife with rhinos, hippos, elephants, ostriches, and birds galore. Beginning in the 1960’s, water was diverted to Amman. The water demand grew to the point that by the 1990’s, the natural spring had dried up; today the wetlands are 0.04% of their original size. These numbers were a lot to wrap my head around, and really put the drought back home in perspective. The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (Jordan’s version of the National Park Service) created a wildlife reserve there in an attempt to protect what’s left and have a goal to restore it to 10% of its original size. That sounds realistic, but illegal wells in Azraq and an unending demand for water have prevented this from happening so far. The most optimistic thing I’d read about this tragedy was that their pumping of water to maintain the 0.04% had at least kept a fish species found nowhere else from becoming extinct and that a number of bird species are still using this as part of their migratory route.
Just as the water diversion had dried up the oasis, the conflict in Syria had dried up the tourism industry here. The guide at the fort explained we were the first visitors he’d had in three days, and his enthusiasm was hard to hide at finally having someone there. The most memorable feature of the castle was its stone doors, made of single pieces of stone as strong wood was hard to come by in this area. Palm oil lubricated the joints, and it made it possible to open the doors with surprising ease given their weight (over 1 ton each). After demonstrating how they worked, he let me try. He showed the strategic location of Lawrence’s room in the fort, the stone reliefs showing the variety of wildlife that was once abundant here, and the remains of the well. He was proud and enthusiastic to show us everything, but seeing him get emotional at describing how the well was full enough to fish in as a boy and to witness the water level plummet so dramatically in his lifetime was heartbreaking. This tour guide I was glad to tip; I only wish we could’ve done more.
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| Attempting to open the stone doors of Qasr al-Azraq |
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| Qasr al-Azraq |
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| the room T.E. Lawrence used as his headquarters |
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| Stone carvings depict the animals that were once found there. |
Turning south, the stone transitioned from black basalt to tan (sandstone?) as we arrived at our next “desert castle.” Qasr Amra was the ultimate man cave in its time, built in the 700s as a royal hunting retreat. The cluster of domed roofs in the desert reminded me of Tatooine, but it was actually a bath house, complete with heated tile floors and rooms of various temperatures (probably far more exciting in the winter). The real showcase was the walls inside, which were covered in frescoes of “Bacchanalian scenes.” It was clear that this was not a co-ed space, and certainly enlarged my definition of art from that region and time period.
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| One of the more "family-friendly" frescoes |
The last “desert castle” on our tour was Al-Kharaneh. They don’t actually know what it was built for, since there isn’t a nearby water source and it’s not along a trade route. But the layout still leads scholars to assume it was a resting place for traders. With over 60 rooms divided into separate apartments, this could accommodate a large number of people of various social classes. Whoever it was that stayed here, I’m sure they were glad to get out of the wind and sun for a bit. Our guide was armed and in his military fatigues, but was friendly and chatty as he showed us around. That being said, when a man with a gun offers to take your picture you don’t refuse. I’m guessing he was also starving for social interaction because he went out of his way to take a lot of photos of us.
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| Al-Kharaneh |
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| Posing for a photo in the niche used to store treasures. |
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| When an armed guard insists on a photo shoot, you oblige. |
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| Group shot |
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| Photo shoot on the stairs |
All too soon, we were on our way back to Amman to drop off Danny at the airport for his flight to Egypt. Even though we’d see him back in DC just a week later, after so many days and experiences together it was a little bittersweet to send him off, and the reality of this epic adventure drawing to an end started to sink in.
For our “last supper” in Jordan, Leon took us to a rooftop restaurant at a swanky mall. It specialized in high-end Jordanian cuisine, and I indulged in my last mint lemonade as we watched the sunset over the city. After a quick stop at a bookstore to buy children’s books in Arabic, we went home to repack one last time.